Introduction to the World Wide Web



  • ARBOLITO by GABRIEL,LUIS

         

There is no denying the fact that the World Wide Web is the best ever up-and-coming part of the Internet, as well as the most exhilarating. With the clap of a mouse,   we  can start on the adventure of a lifetime, going to places   we   never dreamed of and gathering information otherwise unattainable.

History Behind the World Wide Web

Once upon a time (1980 to be exact), at a place called CERN (European Laboratory for Particle Physics), a man named Tim Berners-Lee envisioned the development of a worldwide computer interconnection that would provide access to all sorts of information and files for the physics community. In 1989, after years of toying around with his vision of a more interactive world, he submitted a proposal that was to be the beginning of the World Wide Web. Soon people realized that the application of this "interconnected community" could reach far beyond those involved with physics. After the phrase "World Wide Web" was born, organizations began feverishly to assemble the hardware and know-how to develop this expansive network.

Just A Minute: On many World Wide Web sites, including CERN's home page,   we   can find more extensive details and a more complete listing of actual events than the brief history of the World Wide Web given here. This introduction to the World Wide Web history aims at providing only a brief overview of events involved in its creation. At first, the World Wide Web contained only a few server and client machines. Within a period of a couple years, however, the computing population caught onto the benefits and excitement of this new development, and the World Wide Web population growth exploded.
New Term: Server and client: These computers are the basis for the entire Internet. In a general sense, a server is any computer that "serves" or delivers information and data. A client is any computer that requests or receives the information and data.
In 1993, the Web had only about 50 servers. Within 18 months, this number increased by over 3,000 percent. Within the last few years, this number has grown into the millions, and today   we   can find information and files on the Web from practically anywhere in the world.
The World Wide Web was truly a visionary undertaking. The future seems to hold no limits. In time, most daily activities may very well take place through the World Wide Web. Almost every home, school, company, and organization will be connected, and with the click of a mouse, the world will exist at   we  r fingertips.

The Web Encyclopedia of Terms

In   we  r travels through the World Wide Web (and this book),   we   are bound to encounter some technical terms and phrases that   we   don't know. Much of this terminology relates to common activities and components present on the World Wide Web. In an attempt to clear the path for some smooth "surfing" through the World Wide Web, several of the most common terms and phrases   we  'll encounter are provided here for   we   to learn and refer to. Specific examples of many of these elements are provided later in the lesson. Just A Minute: The terminology presented here may have many variations in meaning, depending on whom   we   ask. I've tried to stick to the most basic definitions to help   we   easily understand some of what   we’ll see on the Web.


Web Site Terminology

The most important parts of the World Wide Web are the elements, such as servers, pages, hot links, and more--all of which comprise the bulk of the World Wide Web. The following are some related terms   we   may see:
  • Web site: A collection of World Wide Web documents, usually consisting of a home page and several related pages. we might think of a Web site as an interactive electronic book.
  • Home page: Frequently, the "cover" of a particular Web site. The home page is the main, or first, page displayed for an organization's or person's World Wide Web site.
  • Link: Short for "hypertext link." A link provides a path that connects   we   from one part of a World Wide Web document to another part of the same document, a different document, or another resource. A link usually appears as a uniquely colored word that   we   can click to be transported to another Web page.
  • Anchor: A link that takes   we   to a different part of the same Web page.
  • Image map: A feature available on the World Wide Web that enables   we   to click various locations in an graphic image to link to different documents.
  • Frame: A feature available on the World Wide Web that presents text, links, graphics, and other media in separate portions of the browser display. Some sections remain unchanging, whereas others serve as an exhibit of linked documents.
  • Table: A feature available on the World Wide Web that presents document text, links, graphics, and other media in row and column format. Table borders may be visible in some documents but invisible in others.

The "Guts" of the Web

Now that   we   know about the surface elements of the Web, what goes on beneath the surface? What are some of the elements that actually create the foundation for what   we   see on the Web? Read on to find out.
·         HTML: Hypertext Markup Language. HTML is the coding language for the World Wide Web that informs browsers how to display a document's text, links, graphics, and other media. This language forms the foundation for all Web pages.
·         Webmaster: The individual responsible for maintaining and updating the content of a World Wide Web document. Webmasters are the creative forces behind the World Wide Web.
·         Domain name: The name given to any computer registered on the World Wide Web as an official provider of information and files. Domain names are usually two or more terms separated by periods. Some examples are aol.com or www.msu.edu.
·         URL: Uniform Resource Locator. A URL (pronounced   we -Are-El) serves as identification for all World Wide Web documents. The URL is sometimes referred to as a World Wide Web page address. Every site and page on the World Wide Web has a URL. Refer to Table 3.1 for a rundown of all the common types of URLs on the Internet.

Terms for the Tools

In the following lessons,   we  'll learn a lot about the tools that   we   use to access the World Wide Web. The following are a few terms that   we   will see frequently:
·         Browser: A software program that requests, interprets, and presents World Wide Web documents. Frequently used browsers include Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator, Lynx, and Mosaic.
·         Client: In addition to being a computer, a client also can be a software program that requests and acquires information from computers that store World Wide Web documents and files. World Wide Web browsers are also known as clients.
·         Hot list: An option available in most World Wide Web browsers that maintains a list of frequently accessed home pages. A hot list also refers to a list of home pages related to a particular subject that is published on an organization's home page.

Practically Entertaining

One of the most commonly a used capability of the Web is its ability to help   we   locate just about anything. Planning to take a trip or need to locate a place somewhere in the world? Several Web sites are designed to help   we   do just that. Is it time to sell   we  r old, rusty car and purchase a new one? Good news! The World Wide Web contains sites for every automobile manufacturer in the world. Figure 3.2 shows one example. Current prices, lease programs, different models, various options, company information, dealership locations nearest   we  , and residuals are all available at these sites.

Practical Education

Suppose   we   want to attend a class next year at a local campus or university. Well, just about every educational institute maintains a site on the World Wide Web. Michigan State University, for example, provides an extensive site that offers information ranging from courses available to credit prices, degree program details, and career planning services. Many educational opportunities are available on the Web because many institutions offer for-credit courses and live lectures, right on the Internet. For more details, go to Lesson 22, "Education on the Internet."

Practical Business

Some of the most practical uses for the World Wide Web include activities in which   we   participate on a regular basis. If   we  're interested in owning stock (or if   we   already do), for example,   we   can find annual reports, current stock prices, and other pertinent information relating to just about any corporation or business, as shown in Figure 3.4.   we   can also buy and sell stock directly on the World Wide Web without leaving   we  r home and without the cost of a stockbroker to trade for   we  .

How Will It Look? Tables, Frames, and Animation

Okay, now that   we   know what's out there on the World Wide Web,   we   may want to know what it looks like. Again, the only limits to what   we   find are the imaginations of the Webmasters. The World Wide Web acts as the canvas for millions of undiscovered artists around the world. Sites display text, graphic images, links, and attached media in a variety of styles, designs, and patterns. Many pages display these elements in a simple format that's easy to understand and navigate. Much of what appears on the Web, however, may use some special elements to add that extra bit of "zing" to a page. Several such features for designing sites include tables, image maps, frames, and animation. Webmasters use these features to design unique, effective, and attractive home pages.

Setting the Table

Tables involve the organization of information into a row and column format. This World Wide Web feature is particularly useful for charting and graphing text, graphic images, and links, as   we   can see in the example shown in Figure 3.5. Furthermore, if the desired appearance involves the arrangement of information into specific dimensions, tables provide the perfect format.

Interactive Images

On the World Wide Web,   we   will encounter image maps as well. This feature enables   we   to click various locations in an graphic image to link to different documents. Look back at Figure 3.3; notice that the MSU home page consists of an image map. Clicking the appropriate area links   we   to the section of the Web site   we   choose.

The Right Frame of Mind


Frames are a more advanced design tool for World Wide Web sites. The use of frames allows the division of the display screen into separate sections, each of which may contain text, graphic images, and links. Frames are especially useful if a site contains a list of links related to a certain subject, and the Webmaster wants the linked documents to appear on the screen while the list of links remains visible as well. Figure 3.6 shows a good example of this use.

With the various tools available for constructing a World Wide Web site,   we   may encounter just about everything in   we  r imagination during   we  r travels. What is not available now will be shortly, as futuristic ideas for site development already live in the minds of designers. Some futuristic plans for World Wide Web sites include 3-D and interactive displays. The technologies that facilitate this type of design now exist, and a few sites already show a glimpse of the future. 

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